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汽车 7

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绿色化工 4

协同发展 3

可靠性灵敏度 3

多目标优化 3

碳中和 3

稳健设计 3

催化剂 2

催化裂化 2

催化裂解 2

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铝合金 2

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Concentrations of anthropogenic Pt and Pd in urban roadside soils in Xuzhou, China

WANG Xuesong, SUN Cheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 475-479 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0071-3

摘要： The potential accumulation of platinum group elements (PGE) in the environment from automobile catalysts is high in urban areas, with the major sinks being roadside soils. Therefore, this investigation presented the detailed study on characterized concentrations of Pt and Pd and their enrichment ratios in urban roadside soils in Xuzhou, China in March 2003. Data from 21 roadside topsoil samples analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) illustrated that the medians of concentrations of Pt and Pd were 2.9 and 2.8 ng/g, respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that Pt and Pd were mainly from traffic emissions. Compared to unpolluted soils, computation of Pt and Pd enrichment ratios suggested that the Xuzhou roadside soils had average enrichment factors of 3.53 for Pt (in range of 1.22–5.73) and of 3.37 for Pd (in range of 1.35–4.46). Lower Pt/Pd ratios (in range of 0.35–2.86) in relation to similar studies in other countries were observed, which might be due to the different Pt/Pd ratios in Chinese automobile catalytic converters. Moreover, fine fraction (<250 ?m) contained higher concentrations of Pt and Pd compared to the coarse fraction (250–500 ?m).

关键词： platinum detailed different Hierarchical automobile catalytic

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深刻认识汽车产业发展规律

付于武 ,陈秀敏

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 98-102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.019

摘要：

汽车产业经过130 多年的沉淀，积累了不少全球业内普遍接受和认可的规律。当前，我国汽车产业正处于转型升级的战略机遇期，迫切需要提高对产业的认识，加强对产业发展规律的研究，避免浮躁、违背规律现象的出现。本文从技术、市场、人才等多个角度，尝试归纳了汽车产业发展中转型与升级相辅相成的关系、资金技术劳动密集的产业特性、创新与协同的必然要求等九大规律，以指导和推动我国汽车产业健康、可持续发展。

关键词：汽车产业发展规律可持续发展

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构建自主零部件体系夯实汽车强国基础

李开国,邓小芝,沈斌,吴胜男

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 133-138 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.019

摘要：

汽车零部件产业是汽车工业强国的基础，是推动汽车工业发展的主要驱动力，汽车强国都拥有较强的零部件产业。当前我国汽车产业正处于由大变强的关键时期，而零部件产业的发展难以支撑汽车强国的发展。本文通过对我国汽车零部件产业发展存在的问题、机遇进行分析，提出从强化工业基础、扩大自主配套规模、培育龙头企业等方面构建自主零部件配套体系，以夯实汽车强国发展基础，支撑汽车强国发展。

关键词：汽车强国零部件体系自主措施建议

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发展共享汽车推动汽车强国建设

乔英俊,纪雪洪

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 120-126 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.017

摘要：

本文介绍了共享汽车在国内外的发展现状与前景，并结合现阶段汽车发展的低碳化、电动化、网联化、智能化和共享化等新特征，着重对共享化推动汽车转型发展的影响进行了阐述。在此基础上，提出政府应将共享汽车放在汽车强国建设的战略高度，创造良好的发展环境，推动共享汽车在我国快速发展。

关键词：共享汽车汽车强国问题政策

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我国汽车工业如何迎接WTO

金履忠

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 18-24

摘要：

文章指出，我国轿车工业形势严峻及其原因。为迎接WTO，要从实际出发，不同汽车类别，采取不同对策：要大力改进农用车；大力开发微型车这个现实存在的、潜在的广大市场；抓紧新型电动汽车的开发；增强国有巨型汽车企业中低档轿车的自主开发能力，提高其国际竞争力；放宽政策引进外资，发展中高档及高档轿车。使占汽车产量的绝大多数、适合广大城乡人民需要的汽车生产，掌握在有自主知识产权的民族工业手里。

关键词：汽车工业迎接WTO 对策

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推进炼油与汽车行业协同发展战略研究

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 61-69 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.005

摘要：

电动车、燃料电池车等新能源汽车快速发展开启了汽车动力革命的大幕。内燃机汽车制造行业和油品生产行业通过满足最新排放限值要求、提升油品质量、推进内燃机技术不断进步等积极应对汽车动力革命。新能源汽车优势与劣势并存，短期内不具备全面替代内燃机汽车的条件。采用高效内燃机的油电混合动力汽车可大幅度降低污染物排放和碳排放，是符合我国国情的动力汽车。面向2050 年，内燃机汽车、油电混合动力汽车、燃料电池车、纯电动车等将发挥各自的技术优势，多元共存，但内燃机动力车会占据主体地位，汽车动力对液体燃料的依赖度还将会超过60%。炼油、汽车行业要推进协同发展，从分子层面研究内燃机中燃料的燃烧机理，研究车用燃料组成、馏程与颗粒物排放的关系并开发简化模型、开发并推广高品质燃料及高档润滑油，以适应汽车动力多元化时代新的低碳减排要求。

关键词：汽车动力革命内燃机技术油品质量协同发展

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A review on catalytic & non-catalytic bio-oil upgrading in supercritical fluids

Sainab Omar, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 4-17 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1933-x

摘要： This review article summarizes the key published research on the topic of bio-oil upgrading using catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions. The precious metal catalysts Pd, Ru and Pt on various supports are frequently chosen for catalytic bio-oil upgrading in SCFs. This is reportedly due to their favourable catalytic activity during the process including hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and esterification, which leads to improvements in liquid yield, heating value, and pH of the upgraded bio-oil. Due to the costs associated with precious metal catalysts, some researchers have opted for non-precious metal catalysts such as acidic HZSM-5 which can promote esterification in supercritical ethanol. On the other hand, SCFs have been effectively used to upgrade crude bio-oil without a catalyst. Supercritical methanol, ethanol, and water are most commonly used and demonstrate catalyst like activities such as facilitating esterification reactions and reducing solid yield by alcoholysis and hydrolysis, respectively.

关键词： bio-oil upgrading supercritical review

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中国汽车制造质量提升战略研究

林忠钦,赵亦希,潘尔顺

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 45-51 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.007

摘要：

本文在分析我国汽车制造业存在的质量效益不高、质量竞争力不强、中高端供给能力不足、国外品牌强而自主品牌弱、自主零部件品牌状况堪忧等问题的基础上，梳理了长期困扰我国汽车制造业发展的一系列瓶颈问题，如质量技术基础薄弱、制造基础不强、核心技术处于劣势、创新力不足、共性基础性技术研究和研究平台缺失等；提出了我国汽车制造质量提升的指导思想和阶段性目标，并从加大国家产业支持政策向新能源和智能网联汽车的倾斜力度、实施汽车质量提升工程等五个方面，提出了我国汽车制造业质量提升的发展对策。

关键词：汽车制造业质量自主品牌发展战略

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论汽车动力总成节能环保的若干核心产品技术及FAW的技术对策

李骏

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第8期页码 64-71

摘要：

我国正由汽车工业消费大国向汽车生产大国过渡，汽车工业在GDP中的比重不断攀升，已成长为国民经济支柱，目前已基本形成汽车产品自主开发和技术创新能力。面对日益突出的能源及环境保护问题，以及正面参与国际竞争的压力，汽车产品的竞争要素也在不断转变，动力总成作为汽车产品的关键核心部件，在其中扮演着举足轻重的角色。随着竞争环境的复杂多变，以及顾客需求的多样化，汽车动力总成产品新的竞争局面正在形成，由单纯的追求性能，发展成为目前面向节能、环保、安全及发展循环经济的国际竞争，分析了中国汽车动力总成节能、环保的主要课题，阐述了目前汽车动力总成产品的主要技术，并剖析了一汽(FAW)的技术对策及产品战略。

关键词：汽车动力总成节能环保核心产品技术

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Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for

Jiwan SINGH, Yoon-Young CHANG, Jae-Kyu YANG, Seon-Hong KANG, Janardhan Reddy KODURU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0848-8

摘要： Phenol removal by n/m Fe in the presence of H O was highly effective. Increasing the amounts of n/m Fe and H O ?increased the phenol removal rate. Phenol removal was decreased with an increase in the concentration of phenol. The natural pH (6.9) of the solution was highly effective for phenol removal. The pseudo-first-order kinetics was best fitted for the degradation of phenol. The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue (ASR) (<0.25 mm) and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe (n/m Fe) was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the dosages of n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H O on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H O ; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The value of the reaction rate constant ( was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H O increased. Conversely, the value of was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H O and n/m Fe.

关键词： Automobile shredder residue (ASR) Fe Phenol Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Mechanism

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汽车节油迫在眉睫

胡晓春,张宝吉,蒋福康,汪燮卿

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第10期页码 10-15

摘要：

石油是关系到国家安全的重要战略资源，中国是石油资源相对缺乏的国家，节约用油、提高资源利用效率尤为重要。指出了现阶段我国汽车用油存在的问题；分析了汽车节油技术发展趋势和政策措施；提出通过政策措施倡导节约优先、效率为本的观念，重点开发和应用各种节油技术，提高油品质量，加快淘汰老旧车型，积极开发替代资源，大力发展公共交通和现代物流是现阶段我国汽车节油减排的有效途径。

关键词：汽车节油燃料经济性替代燃料新能源公共交通政策措施

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Knowledge-based competitive strategy using direct customer experience for automobile product development

Peter HODGES, Shuh Yuan LIOU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 33-46 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0080-3

摘要： The automobile product development (PD) design space continually increases in size and complexity. In this dynamic environment, firms must identify competitive strategies that maintain or increase financial return. Firms can compete on several factors including price/cost, time-to-market, or differentiation (e.g., function or quality). Here, we envision that differentiation through expertise in integration can be a successful strategy in the automotive industry. Expertise in integration requires attention to knowledge management, which is crucial for competitive advantage []. A key component of the PD process is the acquisition of data about customers’ responses to vehicle performance and the rapid use of that information in the development of new products. The paper proposes a system for collecting near real-time data about responses to vehicle performance and its integration with recent developments in design and analysis. The proposed system would collect customer psychophysical response data, correlate it with vehicle parameter response data, and apply this information with feasible design automation to provide reduced cycle time, improved quality, and greater customer satisfaction. The paper discusses some relevant technological and legal constraints and concludes that such a system is feasible, can provide a near-term competitive advantage, and in the long-term, in some form, will be necessary for success.

关键词： product development strategy knowledge management

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我国先进汽车文化发展研究

俞宁,乔英俊,胡卫国,杨沿平,陈志林,黄威

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 139-143 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.020

摘要：

我国进入汽车社会和建设汽车强国迫切需要有先进的汽车文化。本文在分析论述了建设先进汽车文化重要性的基础上，对我国汽车文化的现状及存在的问题进行了分析，明确了我国建设先进汽车文化的目标及指导思想，提出了发展先进汽车文化的路径，这些都将有利于我国汽车文化的发展壮大。

关键词：汽车文化先进文化中国特色发展路径

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Probing the catalytic activity of M-N

Fan Ge, Qingan Qiao, Xin Chen, You Wu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1206-1216 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2017-7

摘要： In this work, the detailed oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance of M-N O (M= Fe, Co, and Ni; = 1–4) has been explored via the detailed density functional theory method. The results suggest that the formation energy of M-N O shows a good linear relationship with the number of doped O atoms. The adsorption manner of O on M-N O changed from end-on ( = 1 and 2) to side-on ( = 3 and 4), and the adsorption strength gradually increased. Based on the results for binding strength of ORR intermediates and the Gibbs free energy of ORR steps on the studied catalysts, we screened out two highly active ORR catalysts, namely Co-N O and Ni-N O , which possess very small overpotentials of 0.27 and 0.32 V, respectively. Such activities are higher than the precious Pt catalyst. Electronic structure analysis reveals one of the reasons for the higher activity of Co-N O and Ni-N O is that they have small energy gaps and moderate highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels. Furthermore, the results of the density of states reveal that the O doping can improve the electronic structure of the original catalyst to tune the adsorption of the ORR intermediates.

关键词： M-N-C catalyst oxygen doping oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity density functional theory

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新时代汽车强国战略研究综述（一）

钟志华,乔英俊,王建强,杨沿平,杨波,王东升,赵世佳,邓慧

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 1-10 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.001

摘要：

本文为中国工程院“汽车强国战略研究”综述的第一部分（共两部分），对汽车发展总体情况进行了梳理，分析了我国汽车发展面临的新形势和新动态，总结出我国迎来建设汽车强国新一轮重大机遇。在此基础上，阐明了新时代“汽车强国”的内涵，提出了汽车产业提质增效和汽车社会协调发展是新时代“汽车强国”的两个主要特征。最后从十个方面论述了新时代建设汽车强国的重要意义。

关键词：汽车强国汽车产业汽车社会